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Frontier Markets saw an improvement in trade towards the end of last year despite the stabilisation in commodity prices and slower growth in key trading partners such as China and the eurozone. However, the escalating global trade war threatens to disrupt global trade flows and world growth, likely affecting those economies less able to cope with growing protectionism, as highlighted in ���������ֳ�’ latest Frontier Vision chart pack. Angola, Gabon and Ethiopia saw large increases in exports in recent months while Kenya’s strengthening of bilateral agreements with other African countries also helped drive exports higher. In contrast, Nigeria had a decline in exports, partly as a result of lower LNG shipments. In Latin America, Costa Rica’s exports grew strongly last year in value terms largely because of a significant increase in the international price of coffee. In the Middle East, Jordan had a jump in imports, widening its trade deficit in 2024.  ���������ֳ�'s quarterly ‘Frontier Vision’ chart pack tracks high-frequency macroeconomic data for the countries included in the J.P. Morgan’s Next Generation Markets (NEXGEM) Index. The charts cover five years of historical data, and the choice of data series has been harmonised as far as possible across all countries to facilitate comparisons. The index comprises countries representing sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America & the Caribbean, the Middle East & North Africa, Europe, Asia and Oceania.

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